What term describes the essential body functions that are vital to life?

The term that describes the essential body functions vital to life is referred to as "vital signs." Vital signs typically include measurements such as heart rate, respiratory rate, body temperature, and blood pressure. These indicators reflect the body’s critical functions and overall physiological status, serving as essential data for monitoring a person's health.

Understanding vital signs is crucial in emergency situations as they help medical professionals assess the immediate health of an individual and determine the appropriate care needed. Other terms, while related, do not specifically capture the same comprehensive role that vital signs play in monitoring life-sustaining functions.