What is described as a medical or trauma condition that can be observed or measured by an examiner?

The correct choice is a sign, which is defined as an observable or measurable indication of a medical or trauma condition. Signs can be detected by an examiner during a physical examination or through medical tests. Examples include a rash, swelling, fever, or irregular heart rate. They are objective findings that can be quantified or observed directly.

In contrast, symptoms are subjective experiences reported by the patient, such as pain or dizziness, which cannot be measured directly. Pathogenesis refers to the biological mechanism that leads to a disease or condition, while the mechanism of injury describes the specific process or events that cause an injury. Understanding the distinction between these terms is crucial in assessing and managing medical and trauma situations effectively.