What is defined as the partial or complete removal of an extremity due to trauma or circulatory disease?

The term that refers to the partial or complete removal of an extremity due to trauma or circulatory disease is amputation. This medical procedure can be necessitated by various factors, including severe injuries where the limb is irreparable or conditions that compromise blood flow, leading to tissue death. In such cases, amputation can be essential to prevent further health complications and to manage pain.

Other terms in the choices represent different medical situations. Resection refers to the surgical removal of a section of an organ or tissue but does not specifically imply the removal of an entire extremity. Dislocation involves the displacement of a bone from its joint, which does not involve removal of anything but rather a misalignment. A fracture is a break in the bone which can vary in severity but does not involve the removal of the extremity itself. Therefore, the definition of amputation aligns closely with the scenario described in the question.